In the BCI Authorized Vocabulary (AV) you will find two ways of changing the meaning of a Bliss character:
- adding an indicator
- adding a modifier
Examples of Indicators
Indicators are positioned over the skyline and are quarter sized





Examples of Modifiers
Modifiers are positioned crossing the baseline and are half size’


Whenever possible, it is preferable to provide indicators to Bliss learners.
Because they are positioned over the skyline, indicators are easily distinguished from the primary meaning elements in the Bliss character. The function of the indicator need not be explained immediately upon introducing the Bliss character; rather the meaning of the indicator can be taught when the learner is ready to apply the capability provided by the indicator.
On the other hand, modifiers cannot be easily distinguished from the primary elements in the Bliss character.
This “Teaching Tip” contains examples of indicators and modifiers from Blissary.com by Hannes Ljusås, producer. You can read about dual form grammatical markers in Blissary.com
https://blissary.com/info/dual-form
If you would like to ask questions or share ideas about indicators and modifiers, write to shirley@blissymbolics.org























